モンゴル系民族 Монголын дэд бүлгүүд 17
ハルハをはじめ、ドルベト・ブリヤート・オイラートの各系統など、モンゴル民族を構成する主要な部族・下位集団。
Халх
ハルハ族
Khalkha
Largest subgroup of Mongols in modern Mongolia. Standard language is based on Khalkha dialect.
Дөрвөд
ドルベト族
Dörvöd
Oirat subgroup residing in western Mongolia. Known for their distinct dialect and customs.
Буриад
ブリヤート族
Buryat
Northern Mongol group with historical presence across Mongolia and Russia.
Дархад
ダルハド族
Darkhad
Minority group in northern Mongolia, traditionally considered spiritual protectors of Lake Khövsgöl.
Цахар
チャハル族
Chakhar
Eastern Mongol group, originally from present-day Inner Mongolia.
Барга
バルガ族
Barga
Mongol group in eastern Mongolia and Inner Mongolia, known for historic military role.
Хамниган
ハムニガン族
Khamnigan
Mixed Mongol-Tungusic origin; retain distinct dialect and customs.
Урианхай
ウリャンハイ族
Uriankhai
Name used for multiple subgroups; in modern Mongolia refers to a western group distinct from Tuva.
Торгууд
トルグート族
Torguud
Oirat tribe known for migration to Volga and return to Mongolia.
Хотон
ホトン族
Khoton
Western Mongol group with Islamic influence; distinct cultural and religious practices.
Баяд
バヤド族
Bayad
One of the major Oirat subgroups, historically influential within Mongol confederations.
Өөлд
オーレト族
Ööld
Oirat subgroup that formed part of the Dzungar Khanate; located mainly in western Mongolia.
Мянгад
ミヤンガド族
Myangad
Small Oirat-related group; traditionally livestock herders in western Mongolia.
Захчин
ザフチン族
Zakhchin
Oirat-descended group in western Mongolia; known for distinctive costumes and oral tradition.
Алтайн Урианхай
アルタイ・ウリャンハイ族
Altai Uriankhai
Uriankhai subgroup living in the Altai mountains, distinct from Tuvan Uriankhai.
Дарьганга
ダルガンガ族
Darihganga
Mongol group in southeastern Mongolia; preserve unique customs and folk songs.
Үзэмчин
ウゼムチン族
Üzemchin
Eastern Mongol subgroup known for elegant long songs and horse culture.
他の少数民族 Бусад цөөнхийн ястнууд 1
モンゴル系以外の少数民族。カザフ族など、テュルク系を中心とする非モンゴル系の民族集団。
社会・氏族構造 Нийгмийн ба овгийн бүтэц 8
オトグ・オボグ・アイマグ・ホショウなど、モンゴル社会を組織する伝統的な氏族・行政・宗教的単位の用語。
отог
氏族集団
Tribe
Subgroup within a larger clan or nobility, often sharing common ancestry or political function.
овог
姓
Clan
A patrilineal group within Mongol society; often linked to ancestral identity.
аймаг
部族連合
Tribal confederation
Historical regional entity comprising several clans or tribes, e.g. Sain Noyon Khan Aimag.
хошуу
旗（ホショウ）
Banner
Administrative unit under the Qing system; used among Mongols to organize territories.
шавь
直属部族
Ecclesiastical domain
Territories under the rule of religious figures like Khutughtu or Jebtsundamba.
язгууртан
貴族
Nobility
Hereditary elite class in Mongol society, often leaders of clans or aimags.
гарвал
血統
Lineage
Ancestral origin or genealogical line of a group or individual.
ах дүүгийн холбоо
親族関係
Kinship ties
System of familial relations reinforcing social unity and cooperation.
民族概念 Угсаатны тухай ойлголтууд 4
民族・民族集団・諸民族・方言など、民族の帰属や多様性を表現するための基本的な概念用語。
үндэстэн
民族
Nation
Politically or culturally distinct people sharing common heritage and language.
угсаатан
民族的集団
Ethnic group
A group of people with shared cultural, historical, or linguistic traits.
элдэв ястан
諸民族
Various ethnicities
General term for diverse ethnic groups within a territory or nation.
хэлний аялгуу
方言
Dialect
Regional or group-specific variants of the Mongolic language.