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構成素・文法機能 Гишүүд ба өгүүлбэрийн үүрэг 17

1

бүрэлдэхүүн

component

Kullmann & Tserenpil

2

гишүүн

constituent

Өгүүлбэрийн бүтэц дэх тусдаа үүрэг бүхий хэсэг

3

дагалт

modifier

Үндсэн гишүүнийг тодотгох хэлзүйн гишүүн

4

дагац

concordant word

Үйлдлийг дагалдах утгатай үг (ж: дагац хөдөлгөөн, дагац мэдрэмж)

5

захирах

to govern/control

Үг, гишүүн бусад хэлбэрт нөлөөлөх үйл үг

6

зохицуулга

adjustment; agreement

Хэлний бүтцийн гишүүдийн хоорондын тохирол

7

нэмэлт

adjunct / modifier

optional modifier in sentence

8

орлуулагч

correlate

Kullmann & Tserenpil

9

тодотгол

modifier

a word or phrase that modifies another | Үг эсвэл өгүүлбэрийг тодруулан чимэх гишүүн

10

тодотгол үг

attribute

Kullmann & Tserenpil

11

тодотгох

to modify

Үг, үгсийн цогцыг тодотгон өөр үгтэй хамааруулах үйлдэл

12

тусагдахуун

object

Үйл үгийн нөлөөнд өртөгч өгүүлбэрийн гишүүн

13

тэмдэг нэр тодотгол болох нь

attributive adjective

Kullmann & Tserenpil

14

тэмдэг өгүүлэхүүн

complement

Kullmann & Tserenpil

15

хандсан үг

attention part

Kullmann & Tserenpil

16

өгүүлбэрийн дэд гишүүн

assistant part of a sentence

Kullmann & Tserenpil

17

өгүүлэхүүн

predicate / predicator

predicate / predicate phrase

節・従属 Гишүүн өгүүлбэр ба угсруулал 11

等位接続 Зэрэгцүүлэл 12

文の種類・構造 Өгүүлбэрийн төрөл ба бүтэц 11

述語・結合価・名詞化 Өгүүлэх харьцаа, валент ба нэршүүлэл 2

統語理論・分析 Өгүүлбэр зүйн онол 6

文法パターン Хэлзүйн хэрэглээний хэв 204

60

… ажгуу

[literary] indeed ~; verily ~

61

… болж хоцрох

to end up becoming ~; to lapse into ~

62

… дээрээ тулах

to reach the point of ~; to come to ~

63

… жилийн дараах

~ years after the previous occurrence; the first ~ in ... years

64

… жилийн нүүр үзэх

to enter one's ~th year; to mark ~ years

65

… тал дээр анхаарах

to pay attention to the aspect of ~; to take care regarding ~

66

… тул арга буюу

being compelled to do so because ~; unavoidably, as ~

67

… тэргүүтэй төлөөлөгчид

a delegation headed by ~; representatives led by ~

68

… төдийгөөс хэтрэхгүй

to go no further than ~; to amount to no more than ~

69

… ч атугай

even if ~; even though ~

70

… ч бай… ч бай

whether ~ or ~; be it ~ or ~

71

… ч дээ

a mere ~; only ~

72

… ч тэр… ч тэр

whether ~ or ~; both ~ and ~

73

… ч хэцүү… ч хэцүү юм болох

not knowing whether to ~ or to ~

74

… ч юм шиг,… ч юм шиг

seemingly ~ and yet ~; as though ~ and as though ~

75

… өдөр дараалан

over ~ consecutive days; for ~ days in succession

76

…-г үл ажран

regardless of ~; undaunted by ~

77

…-д элэгтэй ханддаг

to take a pro-~ stance; to be favourably disposed towards ~

78

…-ыг…-аас⁴ илүүд тавих

to value ~ more highly than ~; to put ~ before ~

79

…мөнөөсөө мөн

to be precisely ~; to be ~ itself

80

…хэрэг үү гэвэл үгүй юм

it is not really the case that ~; one cannot exactly say that ~

81

(-ыг) тойрсон маргаан

a controversy surrounding ~; debate over ~

82

-аад⁴ зогсохгүй

not only to do ~; to go beyond doing ~

83

-аар дамжуулан

through ~; by way of ~; on the occasion of ~

84

-аар⁴ ахлуулсан

led by ~; headed by ~

85

-аар⁴ бөмбөгдөх

to bombard with ~; to cover with ~

86

-аар⁴ дагнан ажиллах

to engage exclusively in ~; to devote oneself to ~

87

-аар⁴ дагнасан

specialised in ~; specialising in ~

88

-аар⁴ орлуулах

to replace with ~; to substitute ~ for something

89

-аар⁴ тогтохгүй

not merely ~; not limited to ~

90

-аар⁴ толгой цохидог

leading in ~; outstanding in ~

91

-аар⁴ хавсран ажилладаг

to combine ~ with another occupation; to work concurrently as ~

92

-аар⁴ хүчин зүтгэх

to strive as ~; to devote oneself to ~

93

-аар⁴ үл ялгаварлан

regardless of ~; without distinction as to ~

94

-аас⁴ авахуулаад…… хүртэл

from ~ through to ...

95

-аас⁴ ангид байх

to remain apart from ~; to have nothing to do with ~

96

-аас⁴ ангижирах

to be freed from ~; to eliminate ~

97

-аас⁴ бүрдэх

to consist of ~; to be composed of ~

98

-аас⁴ дутахааргүй

not inferior to ~; comparable to ~

99

-аас⁴ дээш удаа

more than ~ times; at least ~ times

100

-аас⁴ зайлсхийхийн тулд

in order to avoid ~; in order to prevent ~

101

-аас⁴ улбаатай

deriving from ~; attributable to ~

102

-аас⁴ урьдчилан сэргийлэх

to prevent ~; to forestall ~

103

-аас⁴ хамаараад

depending on ~; according to ~

104

-аас⁴ хамраа ч цухуйлгахгүй

not to set foot outside ~

105

-аас⁴ хойших

subsequent to ~; after ~

106

-аас⁴ ч буцахгүй

not to shrink even from ~; to be prepared even to ~

107

-аас⁴ ч харахад

even judging from ~; from ~ alone

108

-аас⁴ шалтгаалж өөр

varying according to ~

109

-аас⁴ эрс ялгагдах

to differ markedly from ~

110

-аас⁴ үүдсэн

caused by ~; resulting from ~

111

-аас⁴ үүдэлтэй

attributable to ~; originating from ~

112

-аас⁴ өөр аргагүй байдалд орох

to be forced to ~; to have no choice but to ~

113

-аас⁴ өөр хэлэх үг алга

there is no other way to describe it than ~

114

-аас⁴ өөргүй

to be little different from ~; to be much the same as ~

115

-аас⁴ өөрцгүй

to be none other than ~; to differ little from ~

116

-аа⁴ ч үгүй

not even to have done ~; not so much as to do ~

117

-аа⁴ юу гэлтэй

as if one had done ~

118

-аа⁴гүй нь их юм

it is at least better that ~ is not the case

119

-в уу үгүй юу л

as soon as ~; no sooner had ~ than ...

120

-вч баршгүй

however much one does ~, there is no end to it

121

-гүй байж чадахгүй

cannot help doing ~; cannot refrain from doing ~

122

-гүй бол горьгүй

[colloquial] have no choice but to ~; simply must ~

123

-д арга хэмжээ авах

to take measures concerning ~; to deal with ~

case-governed syntactic pattern

124

-д байр сууриа тавьж өгөх

to yield one's position to ~

125

-д гар татдаггүй

to spare no expense on ~

idiomatic fixed expression

126

-д гаргуун

to be skilled at ~; to excel in ~

127

-д ноогдох

per ~; allotted to ~

case-governed syntactic pattern

128

-д суурилан

based on ~; on the basis of ~

129

-д суурилсан

based on ~; founded on ~

130

-д түүртэх

to be troubled by ~; to struggle with ~

131

-д халаагаа өгөх

to hand over one's place to ~; to yield to ~

idiomatic fixed expression

132

-д хамрагдах

to fall within ~; to be subject to ~

case-governed syntactic pattern

133

-д чиглэсэн ажил

work directed towards ~; an initiative aimed at ~

case-governed syntactic pattern

134

-д өртөх

to suffer ~; to be exposed to ~

case-governed syntactic pattern

135

-даг⁴ талтай

to tend to ~; to have a tendency to ~

136

-ж байж л

only by doing ~; it is by doing ~ that ...

137

-ж баймааж

only by doing ~; it is by doing ~ that ...

138

-ж болзошгүй

may possibly ~; might ~

139

-ж буйтай холбогдуулан

in connection with the fact that ~ is under way; owing to ~ being in progress

140

-ж гэмээнэ сая

only by doing ~; only then does ...

141

-ж мэдэх

may ~; might possibly ~

142

-ж таарах

must ~; is bound to ~

143

-ж үзэх юмсан

would like to try doing ~

144

-лаа⁴ гээд… биш

even if one did ~, it would not mean ...

145

-лаа⁴ ч

even if one did ~; although one did ~

146

-лгүй яах вэ

of course ~; naturally ~

147

-лгүйгээр

without doing ~

148

-саар⁴ байх

to remain ~; to continue being ~

149

-сан⁴ авч

although one did ~; despite having done ~

150

-сан⁴ даруйд

immediately after doing ~; as soon as ~

151

-сан⁴ удаатай

to have done ~ before; there was an occasion when ~

152

-сан⁴ ч яадаг юм

it would do no harm to ~; so what if one does ~

153

-сан⁴ үндсэн дээр

after doing ~; on the basis of having done ~

154

-сны шан

the consequence of having done ~; one's just deserts for ~

fixed expression

155

-сны эцэст

after doing ~; at the end of ~

156

-тай зууралдах

to be entangled in ~; to struggle with ~

157

-тай3 холбоотой эрх зүйн зохицуулалт

case-linked noun phrase pattern

158

-тай³ нэгэн адилаар

in exactly the same way as ~

159

-тай³ салшгүй холбоотой

inseparably connected with ~; closely related to ~

160

-тай³ уялдан

in connection with ~; in line with ~

161

-тай³ холбогдуулан

in connection with ~; regarding ~

162

-тай³ эгээ адил

exactly like ~; virtually equivalent to ~

163

-х аваас

if ~; should ~

conditional adverbial clause marker

164

-х аюултай

there is a risk of ~; liable to ~

modal predicate construction

165

-х замыг хаах

to block the way for ~; to prevent ~

complement-clause syntactic pattern

166

-х зуур

while doing ~; during ~

temporal adverbial phrase

167

-х нь бүү хэл харин ч

far from doing ~, on the contrary ...

contrastive discourse pattern

168

-х нь зохимжтой

nominalized-clause predicate construction

169

-х нь зүй

it is proper to ~; one ought to ~

nominalized-clause modal construction

170

-х нь илүү зохимжтой

it is preferable to ~; it is more appropriate to ~

nominalized-clause predicate construction

171

-х нь илүүц

there is no need to ~; it is unnecessary to ~

nominalized-clause predicate construction

172

-х нь энүүхэнд

to be quite capable of ~; to be liable to ~

173

-х нь юу л бол

there is no way that ~; surely ~ cannot be the case

speaker-stance / discourse marker

174

-х нь өлзийтэй

nominalized-clause evaluative predicate

175

-х осолтой

there is a risk of ~; liable to ~

modal predicate construction

176

-х талтай

to tend to ~; to have a tendency to ~

modal/tendency predicate construction

177

-х тоолонд

every time ~; as ~ progresses

frequency/temporal adverbial phrase

178

-х цаг айсуй

the time for ~ is approaching; ~ is imminent

predicate construction

179

-х шив дээ

it looks as though ~; apparently ~

sentence-final discourse/evidential pattern

180

-хаар4 болох

complement/predicate construction

181

-хаар4 зэхэх

complement-clause syntactic pattern

182

-хаар4 таамаглагдах

complement-clause syntactic pattern

183

-хаар⁴ шамдан ажиллах

to work hard in order to ~; to devote oneself to ~

184

-хаас4 өөр яалтай

necessity/modal construction

185

-хаас⁴ наагуур

just short of ~; on the verge of ~

186

-хаас⁴ урьтаж

before doing ~; ahead of ~

187

-хаас⁴ өөр яалтай

there is no choice but to ~; one can only ~

188

-хад ганц хуруу дутуу

one step short of ~; on the verge of ~

189

-хад4 илүүдэхгүй

modal predicate construction

190

-хад4 хол

predicate construction

191

-хад4 хэзээд бэлэн

predicate construction

192

-хад4 эрт

predicate construction

193

-хад⁴ илүүдэхгүй

it would be advisable to ~; one cannot go wrong by ~

194

-хад⁴ хэзээд бэлэн

to be ready at any time to ~

195

-хад⁴ эрт

it is still too early to ~; it is premature to ~

196

-хгүй байж болохгүй

cannot avoid doing ~; must ~

197

-хгүй юм даг

will never ~; certainly shall not ~

198

-хсан4

desiderative syntactic/morphological pattern

199

-хсан⁴

would like to ~; if only one could ~

200

-хтай³ давхцах

to coincide with ~; to overlap with ~

201

-хыг завдах

object-complement syntactic pattern

202

-хын тэр даруй

as soon as ~; immediately upon ~

203

-хын хирээр

as ~ progresses; in proportion as ~

204

-хын эцэсгүй

to such an extent that one cannot finish doing ~; endlessly ~

negative potential predicate construction

205

-чуул

[colloquial] if one just does ~; if one goes ahead and ~

206

-ыг араасаа хуйлруулах

to captivate ~; to have ~ flocking after one

207

-ыг бодолцон

considering ~; taking ~ into account

208

-ыг голчилсон

centred on ~; primarily consisting of ~

209

-ыг гүйцэхгүй

not to compare with ~; to fall short of ~

210

-ыг санагдуулам

reminiscent of ~; suggestive of ~

211

-ыг түшиглэх

to rely on ~; to use ~ as a basis

212

-ыг угтуулан

on the occasion of welcoming ~; in anticipation of ~

213

-ыг удирдлага болгон

guided by ~; in accordance with ~

214

-ыг хэлэх юун

needless to say ~; not to mention ~

215

-ыг шимтэн сонирхох

to be absorbed in ~; to take a keen interest in ~

216

-ыг эс тооцвол

except for ~; disregarding ~

217

-ын алинд ч

in either of ~; in all of ~

218

-ын ачаар

thanks to ~; with the help of ~

219

-ын балагаар

because of ~; owing to the harmful effect of ~

220

-ын барилдлагатай

to be related to ~; to stand in a relation of ~

221

-ын гачаалд орох

to suffer a shortage of ~; to run out of ~

222

-ын гороор

as a result of ~; under the influence of ~

223

-ын дагуух

along ~; in accordance with ~

224

-ын дайтай

on a par with ~; comparable to ~

225

-ын дунд гүүр болох

to serve as a bridge between ~; to mediate between ~

226

-ын дунд дэлгэрч байгаа

popular among ~; spreading among ~

227

-ын дунд хагарал гарах

a split to arise among ~; a rupture to occur between ~

228

-ын ертөнцөд хөл тавих

to enter the world of ~; to set foot in the field of ~

229

-ын ид дунд

in the midst of ~; at the height of ~

230

-ын илрэл

a manifestation of ~; an expression of ~

231

-ын ирмэгт тулах

to be on the brink of ~; to be faced with the verge of ~

232

-ын мэдээлж буйгаар

according to reports by ~

233

-ын нөмөрт багтах

to come under the protection of ~

234

-ын сацуу

together with ~; alongside ~

235

-ын суудалд санаархах

to aspire to the position of ~; to set one's sights on ~

236

-ын тогоонд чанагдах

to make one's way in the world of ~; to be seasoned in ~

237

-ын тохиолдлыг бодолцох

to take the case of ~ into consideration

238

-ын түүс болох

to be preoccupied with ~; to have eyes only for ~

239

-ын хажууд юу ч биш

to be nothing compared with ~; to pale beside ~

240

-ын хамтаар

together with ~; in company with ~

241

-ын харьялалд багтдаг

under the jurisdiction of ~; belonging to ~

242

-ын хирээр

in proportion to ~; according to ~

243

-ын хойноос хөөцөлдөх

to be obsessed with ~; to devote oneself blindly to ~

244

-ын хооронд хэлбэлзэх

to fluctuate between ~; to range between ~

245

-ын хэмжээнд хүрэх

to reach the level of ~; to attain the stage of ~

246

-ын хүслэн болох

to long for ~; to yearn for ~

247

-ын хөлд дарагдах

to be crowded with ~; to be thronged by ~

248

-ын шууд удирдлага дор

under the direct authority of ~; under the command of ~

249

-ын эгнээнд орох

to join the ranks of ~; to become one of ~

250

-ын энтэй

of the same rank as ~; comparable to ~

251

-ын эрхшээлд орох

to come under the domination of ~; to be ruled by ~

252

-ын эрэлд хатах

to thirst for ~; to crave ~

253

-ын эх орон

the home of ~; the birthplace of ~

254

-ын үзэж байгаагаар

in the view of ~; according to ~

255

-ын үүднээс

1. from the standpoint of ~; in terms of ~; 2. for the purpose of ~; with a view to ~

256

-ын өмнөөс

on behalf of ~; representing ~

257

-ын/-д өгөөш болох

to fall prey to ~; to become a target for ~

258

-ын/-х хэмжээнд хүрэх

to reach the level of ~; to attain the stage of ~

259

-я³ гэхнээ

even if one tries to ~; though one would like to ~

260

дотоод

internal

Үг, өгүүлбэрийн бүтцийн дотор талын байршлыг заана

261

дутагдах

to lack

Утга, бүтэц, гишүүн дутуу байх үзэгдэл

262

лутагдах байц

concessive adverbial

Kullmann & Tserenpil

263

лутагдах гишүүн өгүүлбэр

concessive clause

Kullmann & Tserenpil