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モンゴルの家畜

モンゴルの「五畜」を中心に、家畜の年齢・性別・状態を表す語彙と、モンゴルの在来犬・伝統的な犬型の名称をまとめました。

馬:基本語・呼称 Адуу: ерөнхий нэршил 15

馬の総称、敬称、性質を表す基本語。

馬:年齢・性別・繁殖 Адуу: нас, хүйс, үржил 30

年齢、性別、歯、生殖状態による呼び分け。

16

азарга

stallion aged four or older

17

байдас

female horse aged three to four

18

битүү шүдлэн

two-year-old whose milk teeth have not been replaced

19

гүү

mare aged four or older

20

даага

two-year-old horse

21

доор бүрэн

six-year-old horse

22

доор дөрвөн зах

five-year-old horse

23

дээр бүрэн

eight-to-nine-year-old horse

24

дээр дөрвөн зах

seven-year-old horse

25

дээр зах

eleven-to-twelve-year-old horse

26

исгэл даага

two-year-old horse still suckling from the previous year

27

нас гүйцсэн морь

fully grown horse (six years and older)

28

ногооны даага

yearling horse after feeding well on spring grass

29

сарваа

yearling whose tail hair was cut in spring

30

сарваа унага

well-grown foal under one year

31

соёолон

four-year-old horse (stallion cutting canines)

32

соёотой гүү

masculine mare that occasionally foals

33

сунгах соёолон

newly five-year-old horse

34

унага

foal of the year

35

унага хөндөлсөх

for a foal in the womb to become established

36

хавчиг соёолон

six-year-old male horse with incompletely erupted canines

37

хасагдсан байдас

three- or four-year-old filly expelled from its natal herd

38

хусран даага

foal still suckling after age one

39

хязаалан

three-year-old horse

40

хөнгөлсөн морь

gelding; castrated horse

41

цахилсан байдас

young mare that leaves the herd in search of a stallion

42

шүдлэн

two-year-old horse

43

эрмэг гүү

non-foaling, masculine mare

44

ясан шүд

twelve-to-thirteen-year-old horse

45

үрээ

male horse aged three to four

馬:歩様・動き Адуу: явдал, хөдөлгөөн 29

常歩、速歩、側対歩など歩様と動きの語彙。

46

арилжаа

ariljaa ♦ a distinctive fast trotting gait

47

гэлдрэх

to walk; to move at a walk

48

гэлдэргээ

walk

49

давхил

gallop

50

давхих

to gallop

51

доогуур жороо

dooguur joroo ♦ low-speed pacing gait

52

дээгүүр жороо

deeguur joroo ♦ high-reaching pacing gait

53

ергөх

to move in an ergöö gait

54

ергөө

ergöö ♦ ordinary trotting gait

55

жороо

amble; pacing gait

56

морины явдал

horse gait

57

ормол жороо

trained joroo ♦ acquired pacing gait

58

пассаж

passage

59

пиаффе

piaffe

60

сайвар

saiwar ♦ slow, smooth ambling gait

61

сурсан явдал

trained gait

62

тэмээн жороо

temeen joroo ♦ fast pacing gait likened to a camel's movement

63

төрөлхийн явдал

natural gait

64

удган хатир

udgan khatir ♦ a type of fast trot

65

унаган жороо

natural pacer; natural pacing gait

66

усан тэлмэн жороо

usan telmen joroo ♦ fast, even pacing gait likened to flowing water

67

хатир

trot

68

хатирах

to trot

69

хонин жороо

khonin joroo ♦ gentle pacing gait likened to a sheep's movement

70

хурдан жороо

fast pace; fast pacing gait

71

цогио

canter

72

цогих

to canter

73

шаглах

shaglah ♦ a distinctive fast gait

74

шогших

slow trot; jog

馬:管理・扱い・行動 Адуу: адуулга, барилт, ааш 17

馬群の管理、捕獲、拘束、調教、行動の語彙。

75

адуу манах

to watch over a horse herd

76

адуу салхидах

for horses to run into the wind

77

адуу уруудах

for horses to drift with wind or rain

78

адуугаа гурийлах

to use the traditional gurii call for a horse

79

морь бухах

for a horse to buck

80

морь сойх

to condition a racehorse

81

морь тарлах

to run a horse at full speed

82

морь туших

to tether a horse's two forelegs

83

морь уургалах

to catch a horse with an uurga

84

морь хөлрөх

to exercise horses until they sweat

85

морь цаламдах

to catch a horse with a lasso

86

морь чөдөрлөх

to hobble a horse with a three-leg hobble

87

морь янцгаах

for a horse to neigh loudly

88

морь үргэх

for a horse to shy

89

морь өрөөлдөх

to tether a horse by linking a foreleg and hind leg

90

тарлах

to give a racehorse a short, fast workout; to gallop a racehorse over a short distance in training

91

үрээ хайрах

to castrate a young male horse and cauterize the wound

馬:身体・成長・儀礼 Адуу: бие, хөгжил, зан үйл 5

たてがみ、内臓、仔馬の成長と儀礼に関する語彙。

Үхэр 27

五畜(タブン・ホシュー)の一つ。肉や乳製品の重要な供給源。

97

амбан шар

very large mature male cattle

98

боголдорго

older calf under one year

99

бух

breeding bull

100

бухан бяруу

uncastrated two-year-old male kept as a breeding bull

101

бяруу

two-year-old cattle

102

дөнж

four-year-old female cattle

103

дөнө

four-year-old male cattle

104

дөнө үхэр

three-and-a-half-year-old steer

105

дөр

nose-peg; nose-rope (for cattle)

106

наран хайнаг

cattle-yak hybrid with a Mongolian bull as sire

107

нэмэлт гунж

three-year-old heifer bred for the first time

108

одос

water buffalo

109

саран хайнаг

cattle-yak hybrid with a male yak as sire

110

тугал

calf of the year

111

хайнаг

cattle-yak hybrid

112

шар

male cattle over six years old

113

шүдлэн гуна

two-and-a-half-year-old bull

114

шүдлэн гунж

two-and-a-half-year-old heifer

115

үнээ

cow; female cattle over six years old

116

үнээгээ өөвлөх

to use the traditional ööv call for a cow

117

үхэр

cattle; cow

118

үхэр дөрлөх

to pierce and rope a cow's nose

119

үхэр мөөрөх

for cattle to low loudly

120

үхэр оонох

for cattle to call their young or herd mates with a short low

121

үхэр хөллөх

to yoke cattle to a cart or plow

122

үхэр шахах

to fatten cattle for slaughter

123

өвгөн бяруу

older бяруу approaching the next age stage

ラクダ Тэмээ 59

五畜(タブン・ホシュー)の一つ。ゴビ砂漠など乾燥地帯での移動と運搬に不可欠なフタコブラクダ。

124

аргил буур

breeding male camel (sixteen to twenty years)

125

ат

male camel over five years old

126

атан тэмээ

castrated adult male camel

127

атанцар

five-year-old male camel

128

битүү шүдтэй тайлаг

taillag whose permanent teeth have not yet erupted

129

ботго

camel calf (up to six months)

130

буйлт

camel of twelve to twenty-four months

131

бундир

young camel

132

буур

mature uncastrated male camel; breeding male camel

133

буур зэлбэлэх

for a male camel to begin showing rutting signs

134

буур томоолох

to restrain the mouth of a rutting male camel

135

буураар сорих

to test a female camel for pregnancy using a male

136

бууран тайлаг

taillag being prepared as a breeding male

137

бөх

camel's hump

138

гуна

three-year-old male camel

139

гунж

three-year-old female camel

140

дааган тором

two-year-old camel

141

дараастай буур

restrained breeding male camel

142

дөнж

four-year-old female camel

143

дөнө

four-year-old male camel

144

дөрвөө дарсан

camel aged fourteen to sixteen

145

идэр буур

breeding male camel (eleven to fifteen years)

146

ингэ

female camel over five years old

147

ингэнцэр

five-year-old female camel

148

ингээ хөөслөх

to perform the khöös call for a female camel

149

манин тэмээ

intersex camel

150

махан дөш

camel over twenty with worn teeth

151

наран тэмээ

dromedary camel (one-humped)

152

ногтот

young camel

153

нооголдой

young camel

154

нэмрийн гунж

female camel

155

саравган тором

older camel calf under one year

156

тайлаг

uncastrated male camel aged four to five

157

тайлаг тэмээ

male camel up to three years old

158

тойлог

two-year-old camel

159

тором

young camel (one to two years)

160

тугтай буур

rutting male camel marked with a warning tassel

161

тумай гунж

female camel

162

тэгш ширвэсэн тэмээ

camel aged fifteen to sixteen

163

тэмээ

camel; Bactrian camel

164

тэмээ буйлах

for a camel to bellow mournfully

165

тэмээ буйллах

to fit a camel with a nose peg

166

тэмээ ноослох

to shear or pull camel wool

167

тэмээ орилох

for a camel to make a harsh barking cry

168

тэмээ тавагчлах

to make an unbroken camel kneel using a rope

169

тэмээ тохошлох

to put a riding pad on a camel

170

тэмээ хужирлах

to provide salt or mineral lick to camels

171

тэмээ хүрээлэх

for camels to gather into a herd

172

тэмээ өтлөх

to remove maggots from a camel's wound

173

уяат

young camel

174

хаймал ингэ

female camel close to calving

175

хаямал ингэ

female camel that has miscarried

176

хос бөхт тэмээ

Bactrian camel (two-humped)

177

хээлтэй гунж

pregnant female camel

178

хөшин гунж

four-year-old female camel

179

хөшин тайлаг

four-year-old male camel

180

цэл залуу буур

breeding male camel (five to ten years)

181

чойрон

young camel

182

шар шилбэт

camel of twelve to twenty-four months

Хонь 26

五畜(タブン・ホシュー)の一つ。モンゴルで最も頭数が多く、肉食の基本となる家畜。

183

зусаг хонь

sheep that has summered once

184

ирэг

mature ram

185

сагиль хонь

fully grown sheep

186

соёолон эр хонь

four-year-old ram

187

таваглах

for a lamb's tail to broaden and fill out

188

төлөг

two-year-old sheep

189

хонио тойглох

to perform the toig call for a sheep

190

хонь

sheep

191

хонь ахарлах

to shear sheep in autumn

192

хонь угаах

to dip or wash sheep in medicated water

193

хонь хатиартах

for sheep to become emaciated with nasal and oral obstruction

194

хонь хийх

to slaughter sheep

195

хонь холбох

to tether sheep in rows for milking

196

хонь хотлох

to bring sheep into the enclosure

197

хонь хяргах

to shear sheep

198

хонь үдлэх

to bring sheep back to rest during the midday heat

199

хурга

lamb of the year

200

хурга имнэх

to earmark a lamb

201

хурга цагаалах

to castrate a male lamb

202

хургаа гүүргийлэх

to call “güürgii” to a lamb

203

хуц

breeding ram

204

хуц ялгах

to separate rams from the breeding flock in summer

205

хязаалан эр хонь

three-year-old ram

206

хөрөв

well-grown lamb approaching one year

207

шүдлэн хонь

two-year-old sheep

208

эм хонь

female sheep aged three or older

山羊 Ямаа 21

五畜(タブン・ホシュー)の一つ。カシミア(ノール)の採取で経済的に重要。

209

алдаш

kid born well before the usual kidding season

210

борлон

young goat entering its second year

211

зулавдаг

thin- and short-haired

212

зусаг ямаа

goat that has summered once

213

ишиг

kid of the year

214

ишиг загнах

to have a kid suckle from another mother goat

215

ишиг угжих

to bottle-feed a kid

216

сааль ямаа

217

соёолон эр ямаа

four-year-old male goat

218

сэрх

mature male goat; buck

219

ухна

breeding buck (billy goat)

220

хязаалан эр ямаа

three-year-old male goat

221

шүдлэн эр ямаа

two-year-old male goat

222

эм ямаа

female goat aged three or older

223

ямаа

goat

224

ямаа мөргөлдөх

for goats to butt heads

225

ямаа самнах

to comb cashmere from a goat

226

ямаа сорлох

to shear the coarse guard hair from a goat before combing cashmere

227

ямаа тагших

for a goat to leap across rocky ground

228

ямаа тургих

for a goat to snort when startled

229

ямаа хөөрөх

for a goat's cashmere to loosen and rise from the coat

ヤク・交雑種・トナカイ Сарлаг, хайнаг, цаа 22

高山地帯のヤク、牛との交雑種(ハイナグ)、タイガ地帯のトナカイなど、特定の環境で飼育される家畜。

230

балиам

F3 hybrid (offspring of ortoom)

231

бойлтрог

yearling yak

232

буган цаа

reindeer

233

дасван

two-year-old reindeer

234

донгор

three-year-old reindeer

235

дунгуй

female reindeer (three years and older)

236

зарь

castrated male reindeer

237

монголын ортоом

F2 hybrid (female khainag × male cattle)

238

мянжиг

female reindeer

239

наран хайнаг

F1 hybrid of male yak and female cattle

240

ортоом

offspring of a female khainag (hybrid)

241

саран хайнаг

F1 hybrid of male cattle and female yak

242

сарлаг

yak

243

сарлагын ортоом

F2 hybrid (female khainag × male yak)

244

торой

yak calf of the year

245

усан хайлуур

F4 hybrid (offspring of baliam)

246

хайнаг

khainag (yak–cattle hybrid)

247

хайнагийн шар

male khainag (yak–cattle hybrid)

248

хугаш

reindeer calf

249

хуудай

four-year-old reindeer

250

цаа буга

reindeer

251

эрвээлж

small reindeer saddle

モンゴル犬のタイプ Монгол нохойн хэв шинж 4

モンゴルの在来犬・伝統的な犬型の名称。生物学的にはいずれもイエイヌ(Canis lupus familiaris)に属する。

家畜(一般) Малын ерөнхий нэр томьёо 57

特定の家畜種に限らない、家畜全般に関する用語。

256

алдуул

stray livestock that has joined another herd

257

ац туурайт мал

cloven-hoofed livestock

258

богсор нохой

259

бод бог мал

large and small livestock

260

бээжин хав

Pekingese

261

гарын мал

livestock kept close at hand

262

голонхой

mother animal that neglects its young

263

гувшаа

young animal that steals milk from several mothers

264

гуна

three-year-old male large livestock

265

гунж

three-year-old female large livestock

266

давжаа

undersized, poorly developed young livestock

267

жасын мал

monastery treasury livestock

268

жожиг

solitary livestock; animal that keeps apart from the herd

269

зулбасга

prematurely born young (derogatory)

270

зулзага

young animal (derogatory)

271

зусаг

three-year-old livestock

272

зэрлэг

feral; wild livestock

273

ихэр /мал/

twin

274

мал

livestock; the five kinds of livestock

275

мал малын захтай

to have all five kinds of livestock

276

мал сүрэг

livestock herd; livestock

277

мал туувар

livestock procurement by driving and grazing animals en route

278

муур

279

нийгмийн мал

collectively owned livestock; communal livestock

280

норм

assigned work norm; standard work quota

281

онгон

consecrated livestock; animal set apart as sacred

282

салаа туурайт мал

cloven-hoofed livestock

283

соёо сонгох

to assess maturity by examining the canine teeth

284

соёолон

five-year-old large livestock

285

сувай

barren; not pregnant for the year

286

сэтэр

five-colored consecration ribbon for livestock

287

торой

boar piglet

288

тэжээвэр

hand-reared livestock; fostered animal

289

тэлээ

young animal suckling from two mothers

290

төл

young livestock; offspring

291

урт ахар хөлийн мал

long-legged and short-legged livestock

292

ууган төл

first-born young livestock

293

хав нохой

Khav dog

294

хавчиг төл

young livestock born at the end of winter

295

хадлан хадах

to mow hay; to cut grass for hay

296

хайдаг

milk-producing female without young

297

халуун хошуут мал

“warm-mouthed” livestock; horses and sheep

298

хар сувай

permanently barren; habitually infertile

299

хижээл

aging livestock

300

хусран

female livestock still suckling the previous year's young

301

хэнз

late-born (autumn-born) livestock

302

хэнз төл

late-born young livestock

303

хязаалан

four-year-old large livestock

304

хүйтэн хошуут мал

“cold-mouthed” livestock; camels, cattle, and goats

305

хөгий төл

winter-born young livestock

306

хөх соёо

fully erupted bluish canine teeth

307

хөхүүл /мал/

lactating; suckling

308

шүд шинжих

to determine livestock age by examining the teeth

309

шүдлэн

young livestock at the tooth-changing age

310

эмнэг

unbroken; untamed livestock

311

эрх /мал/

tame and playful livestock

312

өнчин /мал/

orphaned young animal