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モンゴルの家畜

モンゴルの「五畜」を中心に、家畜の年齢・性別・状態を表す語彙をまとめました。

Адуу 27

五畜(タブン・ホシュー)の一つ。モンゴルの遊牧文化において最も重要視される動物。年齢区分が非常に細かく分かれている。

1

адуу

horse (collective term)

五畜の一つ

2

азарга

stallion

3

байдас

young mare

шүдлэнからсоёолонまでの年齢の牝馬

4

битүү шүдлэн

two-year-old whose milk teeth have not been replaced

2歳

5

гүү

mare

соёолон以上の年齢の牝馬

6

даага

yearling colt or filly

1歳

7

доор бүрэн

six-year-old horse

6歳

8

доор дөрвөн зах

five-year-old horse

5歳

9

дээр бүрэн

eight-to-nine-year-old horse

8〜9歳

10

дээр дөрвөн зах

seven-year-old horse

7歳

11

дээр зах

eleven-to-twelve-year-old horse

11〜12歳

12

морь

horse

乗用の去勢馬。馬の総称としても使われる

13

нас гүйцсэн морь

fully grown horse (six years and older)

= их нас, бүдүүн морь, агт морь

14

ороо

uncatchable horse

逃げ馬

15

сарваа

yearling whose tail hair was cut in spring

1歳

16

соёолон

four-year-old horse (stallion cutting canines)

4歳

17

сунгах соёолон

newly five-year-old horse

5歳

18

умс

large intestine of the horse

19

унага

foal of the year

0歳

20

хавчиг соёолон

five-year-old mature horse

5歳

21

хусран даага

foal still suckling after age one

授乳中

22

хязаалан

three-year-old horse

3歳

23

шүдлэн

two-year-old horse

2歳。乳門歯2本が永久歯に変わる時期

24

эмнэг

unbroken horse

暴れ馬

25

янгирцаг

horse (derogatory)

トナカイ用の大きな鞍の意味もある

26

ясан шүд

twelve-to-thirteen-year-old horse

12〜13歳

27

үрээ

young stallion

шүдлэнからсоёолонまでの年齢の牡馬

Үхэр 10

五畜(タブン・ホシュー)の一つ。肉や乳製品の重要な供給源。

ラクダ Тэмээ 39

五畜(タブン・ホシュー)の一つ。ゴビ砂漠など乾燥地帯での移動と運搬に不可欠なフタコブラクダ。

38

аргил буур

breeding male camel (sixteen to twenty years)

39

ат

castrated camel

40

атан тэмээ

castrated adult male camel

41

атанцар

five-year-old male camel

42

ботго

camel calf (up to six months)

0〜6ヶ月

43

буйлт

camel of twelve to twenty-four months

44

бундир

young camel

45

буур

breeding male camel (stud)

46

бууран тайлаг

male camel

47

бөх

camel's hump

部位

48

гуна

three-year-old male camel

large-stock age grade (гунан); also cattle/yak

49

гунж

three-year-old female camel

牛・トナカイの3歳の雌も指す

50

дааган тором

two-year-old camel

51

дөнж

four-year-old female camel

large-stock age grade; also cattle/yak

52

дөнө

four-year-old male camel

large-stock age grade (дөнөн); also cattle/yak

53

дөрвөө дарсан

camel aged fourteen to sixteen

54

идэр буур

breeding male camel (eleven to fifteen years)

55

ингэ

female camel

56

ингэнцэр

five-year-old female camel

57

махан дөш

camel over twenty with worn teeth

58

наран тэмээ

dromedary camel (one-humped)

Lat. Camelus dromedarius

59

ногтот

young camel

60

нооголдой

young camel

61

нэмрийн гунж

female camel

62

тайлаг

three-year-old male camel

63

тайлаг тэмээ

male camel up to three years old

64

тойлог

two-year-old camel

unverified — not a confirmed standard camel age term; review

65

тором

young camel (one to two years)

1歳

66

тумай гунж

female camel

67

тэгш ширвэсэн тэмээ

camel aged fifteen to sixteen

68

тэмээ

camel

五畜の一つ。フタコブラクダ

69

уяат

young camel

70

хос бөхт тэмээ

Bactrian camel (two-humped)

71

хээлтэй гунж

pregnant female camel

72

хөшин гунж

four-year-old female camel

73

хөшин тайлаг

four-year-old male camel

74

цэл залуу буур

breeding male camel (five to ten years)

75

чойрон

young camel

76

шар шилбэт

camel of twelve to twenty-four months

Хонь 10

五畜(タブン・ホシュー)の一つ。モンゴルで最も頭数が多く、肉食の基本となる家畜。

山羊 Ямаа 11

五畜(タブン・ホシュー)の一つ。カシミア(ノール)の採取で経済的に重要。

ヤク・交雑種・トナカイ Сарлаг, хайнаг, цаа 20

高山地帯のヤク、牛との交雑種(ハイナグ)、タイガ地帯のトナカイなど、特定の環境で飼育される家畜。

98

балиам

F3 hybrid (offspring of ortoom)

99

бойлтрог

yearling yak

1歳

100

дасван

two-year-old reindeer

101

донгор

three-year-old reindeer

102

дунгуй

female reindeer (three years and older)

103

зарь

castrated male reindeer

104

монголын ортоом

F2 hybrid (female khainag × male cattle)

105

мянжиг

female reindeer

106

наран хайнаг

F1 hybrid of male yak and female cattle

107

ортоом

offspring of a female khainag (hybrid)

108

саран хайнаг

F1 hybrid of male cattle and female yak

109

сарлаг

yak

高山地帯で飼育される

110

сарлагын ортоом

F2 hybrid (female khainag × male yak)

111

торой

yak calf of the year

0歳

112

усан хайлуур

F4 hybrid (offspring of baliam)

113

хайнаг

khainag (yak–cattle hybrid)

114

хайнагийн шар

male khainag (yak–cattle hybrid)

115

хуудай

four-year-old reindeer

116

цаа буга

reindeer

タイガ地帯で飼育される

117

эрвээлж

small reindeer saddle

家畜(一般) Малын ерөнхий нэр томьёо 5

特定の家畜種に限らない、家畜全般に関する用語。